这项工作的目的是探索如何有效有效地将预训练的基础模型适应图像语义分割的各种下游任务。常规方法通常为每个特定数据集微调整个网络，并且存储这些网络的大量参数是繁重的。最近的一些作品试图将一些可训练的参数插入冷冻网络中，以学习有效调整的视觉提示。但是，这些作品显着修改了标准模块的原始结构，使其在许多现有的高速推理设备上无法使用，其中标准模块及其参数已嵌入。为了促进基于及时的语义细分，我们提出了一个新颖的阶段间及时匹配的框架，该框架保持基础模型的原始结构，同时自适应地生成视觉提示，以适应以任务为导向的调整。具体而言，首先将预训练的模型分为多个阶段，其参数被冷冻并共享所有语义分割任务。然后将称为语义意识的提示匹配器的轻巧模块在两个阶段之间介绍给层次上的插值，以在临时语义图的指导下学习每个特定任务的合理提示。这样，我们可以更好地刺激对冷冻模型的预训练的知识，以有效地学习下游数据集的语义概念。在五个基准上进行的广泛实验表明，所提出的方法可以实现参数效率和性能效率之间的有希望的权衡。

ICECUBE是一种用于检测1 GEV和1 PEV之间大气和天体中微子的光学传感器的立方公斤阵列，该阵列已部署1.45 km至2.45 km的南极的冰盖表面以下1.45 km至2.45 km。来自ICE探测器的事件的分类和重建在ICeCube数据分析中起着核心作用。重建和分类事件是一个挑战，这是由于探测器的几何形状，不均匀的散射和冰中光的吸收，并且低于100 GEV的光，每个事件产生的信号光子数量相对较少。为了应对这一挑战，可以将ICECUBE事件表示为点云图形，并将图形神经网络（GNN）作为分类和重建方法。 GNN能够将中微子事件与宇宙射线背景区分开，对不同的中微子事件类型进行分类，并重建沉积的能量，方向和相互作用顶点。基于仿真，我们提供了1-100 GEV能量范围的比较与当前ICECUBE分析中使用的当前最新最大似然技术，包括已知系统不确定性的影响。对于中微子事件分类，与当前的IceCube方法相比，GNN以固定的假阳性速率（FPR）提高了信号效率的18％。另外，GNN在固定信号效率下将FPR的降低超过8（低于半百分比）。对于能源，方向和相互作用顶点的重建，与当前最大似然技术相比，分辨率平均提高了13％-20％。当在GPU上运行时，GNN能够以几乎是2.7 kHz的中位数ICECUBE触发速率的速率处理ICECUBE事件，这打开了在在线搜索瞬态事件中使用低能量中微子的可能性。

Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning setting where many clients (e.g. mobile devices or whole organizations) collaboratively train a model under the orchestration of a central server (e.g. service provider), while keeping the training data decentralized. FL embodies the principles of focused data collection and minimization, and can mitigate many of the systemic privacy risks and costs resulting from traditional, centralized machine learning and data science approaches. Motivated by the explosive growth in FL research, this paper discusses recent advances and presents an extensive collection of open problems and challenges.

We demonstrate the use of a probabilistic machine learning technique to develop stochastic parameterizations of atmospheric column-physics. After suitable preprocessing of NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA2) data to minimize the effects of high-frequency, high-wavenumber component of MERRA2 estimate of vertical velocity, we use generative adversarial networks to learn the probability distribution of vertical profiles of diabatic sources conditioned on vertical profiles of temperature and humidity. This may be viewed as an improvement over previous similar but deterministic approaches that seek to alleviate both, shortcomings of human-designed physics parameterizations, and the computational demand of the "physics" step in climate models.

This paper introduces corpus-guided top-down synthesis as a mechanism for synthesizing library functions that capture common functionality from a corpus of programs in a domain specific language (DSL). The algorithm builds abstractions directly from initial DSL primitives, using syntactic pattern matching of intermediate abstractions to intelligently prune the search space and guide the algorithm towards abstractions that maximally capture shared structures in the corpus. We present an implementation of the approach in a tool called Stitch and evaluate it against the state-of-the-art deductive library learning algorithm from DreamCoder. Our evaluation shows that Stitch is 3-4 orders of magnitude faster and uses 2 orders of magnitude less memory while maintaining comparable or better library quality (as measured by compressivity). We also demonstrate Stitch's scalability on corpora containing hundreds of complex programs that are intractable with prior deductive approaches and show empirically that it is robust to terminating the search procedure early -- further allowing it to scale to challenging datasets by means of early stopping.

We present a retrospective on the state of Embodied AI research. Our analysis focuses on 13 challenges presented at the Embodied AI Workshop at CVPR. These challenges are grouped into three themes: (1) visual navigation, (2) rearrangement, and (3) embodied vision-and-language. We discuss the dominant datasets within each theme, evaluation metrics for the challenges, and the performance of state-of-the-art models. We highlight commonalities between top approaches to the challenges and identify potential future directions for Embodied AI research.

人工智能（AI）算法的质量对于在网络安全，医疗保健和自动驾驶等各种应用中自信采用算法至关重要。这项工作提出了一个原则上的框架，该框架使用实验设计的方法系统地评估AI算法的质量，称为DO-AIQ。具体而言，我们专注于研究针对数据中毒的AI Mislabel数据算法的质量。 AI算法的性能受到算法和数据质量中的超参数的影响，尤其是数据错误标签，类不平衡和数据类型。为了评估AI算法的质量并获得有关算法质量的值得信赖的评估，我们建立了经验设计框架，以在高维约束空间中构建有效的空间填充设计并开发有效的替代模型使用加性高斯工艺来实现AI算法质量的仿真。进行了理论和数值研究，以证明所提出框架的优点是合理的。所提出的框架可以为AI算法设置一个示例，以增强对鲁棒性，可重复性和透明度的AI保证。

高级深度学习（DL）算法可以预测患者基于乳房成像报告和数据系统（BI-RAD）和密度标准的患者发育乳腺癌的风险。最近的研究表明，多视图分析的结合改善了整体乳房考试分类。在本文中，我们提出了一种新的多视图DL方法，用于乳房X线照片的Bi-RAD和密度评估。所提出的方法首先部署深度卷积网络，用于分别对每个视图进行特征提取。然后将提取的特征堆叠并馈入光梯度升压机（LightGBM）分类器中以预测Bi-RAD和密度分数。我们对内部乳房数据集和公共数据集数字数据库进行广泛的实验，用于筛选乳房X线摄影（DDSM）。实验结果表明，所提出的方法在两个基准数据集中突出了巨大的边距（内部数据集5％，DDSM数据集10％）优于两个基准分类方法。这些结果突出了组合多视图信息来改善乳腺癌风险预测性能的重要作用。

人工智能（AI）启用的自主实验为加速科学发现提供了新的范式。非平衡材料合成是复杂，资源密集型实验的象征性，其加速将是物料发现和发展的流域。最近通过高吞吐量实验加速了非平衡合成相图的映射，但仍然限制了材料研究，因为参数空间太大而无法彻底探索。我们通过科学自主推理代理（SARA）管辖的分层自主实验，证明了加速的合成和促进亚稳材料。 SARA将机器人材料合成和表征与AI方法的层次集成，有效地揭示了处理相图的结构。 SARA设计横向梯度激光尖峰退火（LG-LSA）实验，用于平行材料合成，采用光学光谱速度迅速识别相转变。利用嵌套的主动学习（AL）周期实现了多维参数空间的高效探索，该嵌套主动学习模型包括实验的底层物理以及端到端的不确定性量化。有了这个，萨拉在多种尺度处的协调体现了复杂的科学任务的AI利用。我们通过自主映射综合映射_3 $ System的综合相位边界来展示其性能，导致幅度加速度，即建立一个合成相图，其中包括动力学稳定$ \ delta $ -bi $的条件_2 $ o $ _3 $在室温下，用于氧化固体氧化物燃料电池等电化学技术的关键开发。

Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) is an efficient quantitative MRI technique that can extract important tissue and system parameters such as T1, T2, B0, and B1 from a single scan. This property also makes it attractive for retrospectively synthesizing contrast-weighted images. In general, contrast-weighted images like T1-weighted, T2-weighted, etc., can be synthesized directly from parameter maps through spin-dynamics simulation (i.e., Bloch or Extended Phase Graph models). However, these approaches often exhibit artifacts due to imperfections in the mapping, the sequence modeling, and the data acquisition. Here we propose a supervised learning-based method that directly synthesizes contrast-weighted images from the MRF data without going through the quantitative mapping and spin-dynamics simulation. To implement our direct contrast synthesis (DCS) method, we deploy a conditional Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) framework and propose a multi-branch U-Net as the generator. The input MRF data are used to directly synthesize T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images through supervised training on paired MRF and target spin echo-based contrast-weighted scans. In-vivo experiments demonstrate excellent image quality compared to simulation-based contrast synthesis and previous DCS methods, both visually as well as by quantitative metrics. We also demonstrate cases where our trained model is able to mitigate in-flow and spiral off-resonance artifacts that are typically seen in MRF reconstructions and thus more faithfully represent conventional spin echo-based contrast-weighted images.